Rega kukanganisa sodium sulfide!

Rega kukanganisa sodium sulfide!

“Kunetswa kwakadini!”Mumwe murume akapfeka hovhorosi inouraya utachiona akakweva chifukidziro chegasi asingashiviriri, “Hei, mukoma, chinhu ichi chine muchetura mukuru, pasinei nokuti chinganetsa sei, unofanira kutakura zvinhu zvose izvi!”Mumwe murume murefu akatambanudza ruoko rwake rwegurovhosi ndokubhabhadzira murume pabendekete.“Asi usandiudze, chinhu ichi chiri kutengesa zvakanyanya.Ndakahodha imwe batch of goods nezuro.Kana ndawana mari, ini nehanzvadzi yangu tichaenda kunonwa doro!”

Sodium Sulfide akatarisa manhamba evanhu vaviri avo vaienda zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kusashivirira kwemurume uyu kwanga kuri mupfungwa dzake, sekunge akange adzokera kunguva iyo munhu wese akamunzvenga kare kare…

l Kusada sodium sulfide

"Ichi chii!Ruoko rwangu, ruoko rwangu rwuri kurwadza zvikuru!”

“Chii chinonhuwa kudaro!Sei ichinhuwa kunge mazai akaora!”

Vamwe vaisheedzera zvine mutsindo vakabata mawoko matsvuku uye akatsemuka, vamwe vakavhara mhino vachinongedza, pakabva paita manyama amire nerongo.

Pakarepo mumwe munhu akanongedza murwi wemaflake ebrown-dzvuku uye khaki-yero ndokushevedzera kuti: “Izvi!Iyo sodium sulfide!

Sodium sulfide yaaidanwa nezita rake yakabva yabvunda, kunge munhu adonhedza kiyi akatadza kufamba.

Payaiva nemamwe makemikari ores kare, yakanga yakasiyana yeimwe.Yaiziva kuti yakanga ine chepfu, kana kuti ine chepfu zvikuru.Yaigona kungogara nedzimwe shamwari dzine chepfu, uye avo vaisagona kuishandisa vainzvenga., vanhu vanogona kuishandisa vanozozviona zvichinetsa.

Sodium Sulfide yakatarisa mhomho yaiuya uye ichienda, uye yaida kuramba kuti yakanga isingatyisi, asi zvakare yakatarisa "nyaya dzekuchengetedza" dzakaiswa pamadziro.

Sodium sulfide yakadzikisa musoro wayo, inofanira kuramba sei?Vanhu ivavo vakarurama, murume anonetsa chaizvo.

Chenjerera kuti urege kuidya nekukanganisa, kana kunyange kunhuhwirira kwainobudisa, uye dzimwe nguva unoda kupfeka gasi mask;kunyangwe kubata kuri nyore kunokonzera kutsvuka uye kuputika nekuda kwekuora kwayo, zvekuti vanhu vese vangangosangana nayo Vashandi vayo vanofanirwa kupfeka magirovhosi erabha uye kunyange kupfeka hembe dzebasa dzinodzivirira kuora;uyezve, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kudzivirira kuvuza uye kurapwa kwekugadzira tsvina yemvura.Kana iyo yakanyungudika uye inoputika gasi isina kubatwa zvakanaka, iyo sulfide iri mumvura iri nyore kuita hydrolyze, nenzira yeH2S Yakaburitswa mumhepo, kusvotwa uye kurutsa nekukurumidza mushure mekunyudzwa muhuwandu hwevanhu, uye kunyangwe kuoma mukufema. , kushaya mweya, zvichingodaro, zvichikonzera pfungwa yakasimba yechepfu.Kana ikasvika 15-30mg / m3 mumhepo, inokonzera kuzvimba kwemembrane yeziso uye kukanganisa kune optic nerve.H2S yakaraswa mumhepo inofemerwa nevanhu kwenguva yakareba, uye ichaita ne cytochrome, oxidase uye disulfide zvisungo mumapuroteni evanhu uye amino acids mumuviri wemunhu, zvichikanganisa maitiro e oxidation yemasero, zvichikonzera hypoxia mumasero, uye kuisa mungozi. hutano hwevanhu.hupenyu.Uye kana mvura yakaraswa ikasabatwa zvakanaka, zvichiguma nokunwa kwenguva refu kwemvura ine sulfide yakawanda, inokonzera kuravira kwakashata, kurasikirwa nechido, kupera muviri, kusakura kwebvudzi, uye kukundikana uye rufu muzviitiko zvakakomba.

Sodium Sulfide akagomera, zvakaratidza kuti ainetsa chaizvo.

l Sodium sulfide: Ichokwadi kuti ine chepfu, uye ichokwadi kuti inobatsira

"Sodium sulfide zvakare."

Pandakanzwa mutsara uyu, sodium sulfide yakasunungurwa.Rakanga roda kutanga kushanda.Kana ichienzaniswa nekugara muimba inochengeterwa zvinhu isingadziviriri uye yakaoma, yaifarira kunyikwa mumvura, kunyungudutswa, kana kusanganiswa nemamwe makemikari.Chigadzirwa chacho chine maitiro anoshamisa.

“Hey, mwana.Wakanaka.Iwe une zvakawanda zvekushandisa, huwandu hwakasiyana hweminda, uye hunyanzvi hwepamusoro.Hameno kuti kune vanhu vakawanda vanohodha. "

“Chokwadi?Ndinonyatsobatsira here?”

Sodium Sulfide yakasimudza musoro, maziso ake akanga akazara netarisiro, asi muviri wake wakanga uchiri mukona, asingade kuenda kumberi.

“Chokwadi, munoona, munogona kugadzira dhayi dzesarufa muindasitiri yedhayi, iyo inogona kuva midziyo yesarufa cyan nesarufa yebhuruu;Kubviswa kwebvudzi;kugadzirira kwesodium polysulfide kuti ikurumidze kuoma kweganda kunyura uye kupfava zvakare kunokosha;iwe unoshandiswawo semugadziri wekubika wepepa muindasitiri yemapepa;denitrification uye kudzikiswa kwenitrate muindasitiri yemachira ibasa rako zvakare;mordant dyeing yemucheka wekotoni dyeing agent;kunyange muindasitiri yemishonga, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira antipyretics yakadai se phenacetin;kwete izvi chete, unogona kuishandisawo kugadzira sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, etc. Izvi zvese zvako Zvinoshanda!”

Sodium sulfide yakafunga nezvazvo kwenguva yakareba zuva iroro.Ichiri kubatsira, kwete chete ine zvikanganiso.Sezvo ichinetsa, inofanira kushandiswa kusvika pakukwanisa kwayo.Iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisa uye yainofanira kuita.

Muindasitiri yemetallurgical, inogona kunyatsobvisa ion dzisina kuchena dzakadai seCu2 +, Pb2 +, Zn2 +, nezvimwewo mune zvisingawanzogadziriswa pasi.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kudzora pH panenge pa5 uye nekuwedzera Na2S kune isingawanzo ivhu eluate kubvisa tsvina kwete chete ine mhedzisiro yakanaka yekubvisa tsvina, asiwo hairasikirwe isingawanzo pasi.

Kana kubata nemvura ine mercury ine tsvina inokuvadza zvakanyanya nharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu.Muindasitiri yekugadzira pasoda, mecury iri mumvura yetsvina yakaraswa inowanzokwira, kudarika mwero wepasi rose (0.05mg/L).Mumushonga usina simba wekubvisa (pH 8-11), mercury ions inogona kugadzira mvura isinganyunguriki ine sodium sulfide.Inogona kuoneka kubva patafura yakasungirirwa kuti solubility chigadzirwa cheHgS idiki kwazvo (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Kuburikidza nekutsvakurudza, zvinotarirwa kuti maitiro ekurapa ndiwo akanakisisa kana huwandu hweNa2S huripo uye pH kukosha inodzorwa pa9-10, uye Hg2 + mumvura yakasvibiswa inogona kuderedzwa kusvika pasi penyika yenyika (0.05mg / L).Pamusoro pezvo, nekuwedzera FeSO4 kugadzira Fe(OH)2 uye Fe(OH)3 colloids mumvura, macolloid aya haangogone kupinza mercury ions chete, asiwo kuteya nejasi zvakamiswa HgS zvimedu zvakasimba, zvichiita basa rakanaka mukugwamba uye kunaya kwemvura. .Sediment haisi nyore kusvibiswa kaviri uye iri nyore kuraswa.

Inogonawo kushandiswa kubvisa arsenic.Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti arsenic inowanzovapo mumaminerari nenzira ye sulfide.Munguva yepyro-smelting process, yakawanda yearsenic inoputika mukati me flue gasi uye guruva, kunyanya kubuda kwakananga kweyakaderera-concentration SO2 kuchasvibisa nharaunda.Naizvozvo, kubvisa arsenic kunofanira kuitwa pamberi pe flue gasi rinotevera kurapwa kana kubvisa.Shandisa mhinduro yeNa2S kutora SO2 flue gasi, kuitira kuti As3+ neS2- form As2S3 precipitate (Ksp=2.1×10-22), pane pH yepamusoro (pH>8), As2S3 inogona kunyungudutswa kuita As3S3-6 kana AsS2- 3, kana ichienzaniswa nePakadzika pH, mhinduro inoburitsa H2S gasi.Tsvagiridzo yeYin Aijun et al.[4] inoratidza kuti kana pH yemushonga ichidzorwa muchikamu che2.0 kusvika 5.5, nguva yekupindura imaminitsi makumi mashanu, tembiricha yekupindura iri 30 kusvika 50 ° C, uye iyo flocculant inowedzerwa, iyo arsenic yekubvisa rate inogona kusvika. 90%.% pamusoro.Mukugadzirwa kwemushonga chena kabhoni dema, kuitira kudzikisa zvirimo zvekusachena arsenic muyakaomeswa sulfuric acid yekugadzira mbishi, sodium sulfide inowedzerwa kune yakaomeswa sulfuric acid kuita As3+ fomu As2S3 uye inonaya nekuibvisa.Kugadzirwa kwemaitiro kunoratidza kuti sodium sulfide inobvisa arsenic kwete chete nekukurumidza kuita kukurumidza, asiwo nekubvisa zvachose arsenic.Izvo zviri mu arsenic mu sulfuric acid mushure mekubvisa arsenic isingasviki 0.5 × 10-6, uye iyo arsenic yemukati chena kabhoni dema inogadzirwa neiyi mbishi zvinhu ndeye ≤0.0003%, iyo inoenderana zvizere nemitemo yakakodzera.

Inoitawo basa guru mu electroplating!

Kutanga, inoshanda sechinhu chinopenya.Sodium sulfide inonyungudutswa mumvura uye ionized kuita zvakanaka chaji sodium ions (Na+) uye zvakaipa chaji sulfide ions (S2-).Munguva ye electroplating process, kuvapo kweS2- mu electrolyte kunogona kukurudzira cathode polarization.Panguva imwecheteyo Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, iyo cathode reaction speed inokurumidza.Iyo yekumhanyisa yekuisa inokwidziridzwa zvakare, iyo yakadzika plating kugona inowedzerwa, iyo coating inonatswa, uye pamusoro pechikamu chakapfava chinova chakajeka zvinoenderana.

Inogonawo kubvisa tsvina mu electrolyte, kunyanya nokuti panguva yekugadzirwa kwe electroplating, tsvina yakawanda kana shoma mumagetsi inounzwa mumushonga weplating.Izvi zvinosvibisa zvinopindirana zvakasiyana pasi pechiito che electrodes, uye tsvina ine simba shoma ichaiswa pamusoro pechikamu chakapfava pamwe chete neZn2 +, inokanganisa hutano hweplated layer.Mushure mekuwedzera sodium sulfide, S2- mu sodium sulfide inogona kuumba precipitates nesimbi isina kuchena ions, kudzivirira tsvina kubva mukubatanidzwa mumagetsi emagetsi uye kuita kuti kuvhara kupenya.

Kana shandisa sodium sulfide mhinduro yeflue gasi desulfurization.Iyo yekudzoreredza nzira yeSO2 mune flue gasi inonyanya kushandura SO2 kuita H2SO4, mvura SO2 uye elemental sulfur.Elemental sulfur zvakare chigadzirwa chakanakira kudzokorodza nekuda kwekureruka kwayo kwekubata uye kufambisa.Maitiro matsva ekugadzira elemental sarufa nekushandisa H2S inogadzirwa kubva kuNa2S mhinduro sechinhu chinoderedza kuderedza SO2.Maitiro aya akareruka uye haadi kushandisa anodhura ekudzikisa maajenti senge gasi rechisikigo uye yakaderera-sarufa marasha seyakajairwa kugadzira matekinoroji.Kana iyo pH yemushonga inodonha kusvika 8.5-7.5, inonwisa SO2 neNa2S inoburitsa H2S, uye H2S uye SO2 ichave yakanyorova Claus reaction muchikamu chemvura.

Mukuwedzera, sodium sulfide inogona kushandiswa se inhibitor kubatsira kubatsira.Chero bedzi paine zvinhu zviviri, chimwe ndechekuti Na2S iri hydrolyzed kugadzira HS-, uye HS- isingabatanidzi xanthate adsorbed pamusoro pemaminerari e sulfide, uye panguva imwe chete, inoshambadzirwa pamusoro pezvicherwa kuti iwedzere hydrophilicity. ye mineral surfaces;kune rumwe rutivi, zvinotendwa kuti Na2S inobata inhibitory basa kwete chete Inokonzerwa nekushambadza kweHS- pane mineral surface, uye inofanirawo kuwirirana neS2- inogadzirwa neionization yeNa2S mune aqueous solution.

Nekuda kweiyo yakakura solubility chigadzirwa chePbS uye diki solubility chigadzirwa chePbX2, kana Na2S yawedzerwa, iyo yekusangana kweS2- inowedzera, uye chiyero chinoshanduka kuruboshwe, izvo zvinoita kuti xanthate ibatanidzwe kune mineral surface desorb, kuitira kuti Na2S inogona kutadzisa mineral surface effect.Uchishandisa inhibitory mhedzisiro yeNa2S, iyo flotation yeNi2S3 inogona kudziviswa nekuwedzera Na2S, kuitira kuti kuparadzaniswa kunoshanda kweCu2S neNi2S3 mune yakakwira nickel matte kugone kuitika.Mune zvimwe zvinotungamira-zinc bheneficiation zvidyarwa, nekuda kwezvinetso zvemidziyo uye zvisina musoro maitiro ekugadzira, iyo slag mushure mekuyangarara ichine yakakwira lead uye zinc.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekudzvanywa kwemamwe maajenti ekuyaruka pamusoro payo, kurongedza kwenguva refu kunokonzeresa madhaka akakomba, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuoma kukuru mukuparadzaniswa zvakare kwe lead-zinc yepakati ore.Uchishandisa iyo inhibitory mhedzisiro yeNa2S, Na2S inogona kushandiswa se reagent yekubvisa xanthate iyo yakashambadzirwa pane iyo mineral surface, kuitira kuti inotevera flotation operation iri nyore kuita.Iyo lead-zinc yepakati ore yakaunganidzwa muShaanxi Xinhe Concentrator yakafanogadzirwa nesodium sulfide yekubvisa zvinodhaka, uyezve flotation yakaitwa kuti iwane lead concentrate ine lead content ye63.23% uye zinc concentrate ine zinc content ye55.89% (lead and Iyo yekudzoreredza mwero we zinc inogona kusvika 60.56% uye 85.55% zvichiteerana), iyo inoshandisa zvizere zvechipiri zvicherwa zviwanikwa.Mukugadzirisa kwemhangura-zinc sulfide ores, nekuda kwedense symbiosis yemaminerari, sulfur yemukati uye yakakwira yechipiri mhangura, zvakaoma kuronga.Mhando iyi ye ore yakashandiswa neCu2 + panguva yekukuya, uye kutenderera kwayo Iri pedyo nechalcopyrite, saka mhangura uye zinc minerals hazvisi nyore kuparadzanisa.Paunenge uchigadzira rudzi urwu rweore, nekuwedzera Na2S panguva yekukuya, iyo S2- inogadzirwa neiyo hydrolysis yeNa2S uye mamwe anorema simbi ions ane activation kugona, seCu2 +, inoumba insoluble sulfide precipitates kubvisa activation yeaya heavy metal ions.Zvadaro, nekuwedzera zingi uye sulfur inhibitors, kushandisa butyl ammonium dema mushonga kuti preferentially kusarudza mhangura-mhangura tailings zingi kusarudza-zinc tailings kuti sarufa kupatsanurwa kuwana mhangura concentrate ne 25.10% mhangura uye zingi concentrate ne 41.20% zinc ore uye sulfur concentrate pamwe nesarufa. sulfuri inokwana 38.96%.

Kana sodium sulfide inoshandiswa se activator, FeS firimu inogona kuumbwa pamusoro pe limonite.Nekuti papamusoro pH, firimu reFeS rinogona kuwedzera kushambadza kwemamorekuru amines, saka FeS reagent zvimedu zvinogona kushandiswa kutenderera papH yakakwirira.Amine flotation ye limonite.Uye zvakare, Na2S inogona kushandiswa seyayangarara activator yemhangura oxide zvicherwa.Kana huwandu hwakakodzera hweNa2S hwawedzerwa kune inoyerera mhinduro, iyo yakaparadzaniswa S2- inosangana nekuchinja-chinja nemaanioni e lattice pamusoro peiyo oxidized mineral kuti igadzire sulfide firimu pamusoro peiyo copper oxide mineral, iyo inobatsira iyo adsorption ye xanthate vaunganidzi.Nekudaro, iyo copper sulfide firimu inoumbwa pamusoro pecopper oxide ore haina kusimba zvakanyanya, uye zviri nyore kudonha kana kubvongodza kwakasimba.Paunenge uchibata nemugodhi wendarira weTotozui muDaye, Hubei (mhangura-ine zvicherwa zvinonyanya kuumbwa nemalachite), iyo nzira yekuyangarara yekuwedzera Na2S mumatanho akawanda uye kubvisa iyo concentrate pane akawanda mapoinzi inoderedza kutenderera kwepakati ore, uye iyo mhangura inotarisa. giredhi reshiyo Maitiro ekugadzira akavandudzwa ne2.1%, uye mhangura negoridhe kudzoreredza mitengo yakawedzera ne25.98% uye 10.81% zvichiteerana.Na2S inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyayangarara activator yepyrite yakadzvanywa neperalkali lime mune perkalime system.Mupamusoro alkali system, pamusoro pepyrite yakafukidzwa ne hydrophilic calcium film (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), iyo inodzivisa kutenderera kwayo.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mushure mekuwedzera Na2S, iyo hydrolyzed HS- ions inogona kusvina Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 uye Fe (OH) 3 yakavhara pamusoro pepyrite kune rumwe rutivi, uye panguva imwe chete, inogona kushambadzirwa pa. pamusoro pepyrite..Nekuti pyrite inokwanisa kutamisa maerekitironi, kana iyo interface yepyrite yakakura kupfuura EHS/S0, HS- inorasikirwa nemaerekitironi pamusoro pe xanthate kugadzira hydrophobic elemental sulfur.Iyo inokonzeresa elemental sulfur inopfeka pamusoro peiyo mineral, nekudaro ichiimisa kuti iite kuyerera nyore.

Kana ichishandiswa seyakafukidzirwa flotation mumiriri wemaminerari egoridhe nesirivheri, sezvo muunganidzi-yemahara kuyerera kwegoridhe ores anoshandisa zvizere iyo electrochemical musimboti uye mutsauko wemagetsi pakati pesulfide negoridhe-silver mineral surface, iyo inounganidzira-isina flotation ine zvimwe. zvakanakira.High selectivity, iri nyore mishonga yemishonga.Pamusoro pezvo, inobvisa iyo isingasarudze adsorption iyo yakaoma kudzora mukutenderera kwevanotora xanthate, uye inogadzirisa dambudziko rekubvisa zvinodhaka pamberi pecyanide leaching goridhe uye dambudziko remuunganidzi firimu chipingamupinyi goridhe leaching.Naizvozvo, mumakore achangopfuura, iyo Kune dzakawanda zvidzidzo pamusoro pekuyerera kwegoridhe nesirivheri zvicherwa pasina kudzoreredza vamiririri.Ndarama uye sulfide zvicherwa mugoridhe nesirivheri ores zvinowanzogara pamwe chete, kunyanya goridhe uye pyrite zvinoenderana zvakanyanya.Nekuti pamusoro pepyrite ine semiconductor zvivakwa uye humwe hunhu hwekutakura maerekitironi, uye, kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kwepamusoro electrostatic kugona kwepyrite neHS-/S0 kusvika EHS-/S0, apo pH ye ore slurry iri mumhando ye8. -13, pyrite Kugona kwe electrostatic kwenzvimbo yemugodhi kunogara kwakakwira kupfuura EHS-/S0.Naizvozvo, iyo HS- uye S2- ionized neNa2S mupulp inoyerera pane pyrite pamusoro kugadzira elemental sarufa.

Muindasitiri yematehwe, sodium sulfide inonyanya kushandiswa.

Kunyanya shandisa ash-alkali musanganiswa nzira kubvisa fiber interstitium paganda, kuderedza kuwirirana pakati pebvudzi, epidermis uye dermis, shandura elastic fiber, kuparadza mhasuru tishu, uye kubatsira mhedzisiro yezvimwe zvinhu muchiitiko chinotevera. the skin;saponify mafuta muganda risina chinhu , kubvisa chikamu chemafuta muganda uye kubatsira kuderedza;kuvhura zvisungo zvechipiri zvechikamu che collagen, kuitira kuti collagen fibers inogona kusunungurwa zvakanaka uye kusunungura mamwe collagen anoshanda mapoka;uye kubvisa jasi uye epidermis (bvudzi rakaora alkali) .

Tisingatauri nezvemadhayi esarufa ane nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura zana.Kugadzirwa kwedhayi kunonyanya kuwanikwa kuburikidza nenzira mbiri dzekugadzira: nzira yekubikira uye nzira yekubikira.

Dhayi dzesarufa dzakaderedzwa uye dzakanyungudika kuti dzigadzire dhayi mhinduro, uye iyo yakaumbwa leucosomes inotorwa neselulosi fibers, uye mushure mekurapwa kwemhepo oxidation, iyo cellulose fiber inoratidza ruvara rwaunoda.

Iyo matrix yesarufa dhayi haina hukama hwefiber, uye chimiro chayo chine sulfur bond, disulfide bonds kana polysulfide bond, iyo inoderedzwa kuva sulfhydryl mapoka pasi pechiito chesodium sulfide inoderedza agent uye inova inonyungudika mumvura leucosome sodium munyu.Chikonzero nei maleucosomes aine hukama hwakanaka hwemaselulosi faibha ndechekuti mamorekuru edhayi akati kurei, izvo zvinozoburitsa simba guru reVan der Waals uye hydrogen bonding forces nemafibers.

Panguva ino, kugadzirwa kwesodium sulfide kunogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita mhando ina: poda vulcanization, mvura-inonyungudika vulcanization, liquid vulcanization, nharaunda-inoshamwaridzika vulcanization, kuderedza sarufa uye kupararira vulcanization.

1. Upfu vulcanization

Iyo general structural formula yedhayi iDSSD, uye kazhinji inoda kubikwa nesodium sulfide uye yoiswa mushure mekunyungudika.Rudzi urwu rwedhayi haruna kunyungudika mumvura, dhayi inogona kuderedzwa kuita leuco ine alkaline inoderedza agent, uye yakanyungudutswa mumvura, iyo sodium munyu yeleuco inogona kutorwa nefiber.

2. Mvura-soluble vulcanization

Iyo yakajairwa fomula yechimiro chedhayi ndeye D-SSO3Na.Chimiro cherudzi urwu rwedhayi ndechekuti kune mapoka anonyungudika nemvura muchimiro chemolecular yedhayi, iyo ine yakanaka solubility uye yakanaka level yekudhaya pfuma.React zvakajairwa nesarufa madhayi ane sodium sulfite kana sodium bisulfite kugadzira dhayi thiosulfate, ine solubility ye150g/L pa20°C uye inoshandiswa kuramba ichidhaya.Mvura-inonyungudika sarufa madhayi anonyungudika nekukurumidza pakupisa kwekamuri, hapana chinhu chisinganyungudika, uye kunyungudika kwakazara kunokwana kuzadzisa zvese zvinodikanwa zvekunyunguduka zvedhayi dosage.Mvura-inonyungudika sarufa madhayi ane yakanakisa tembiricha yekudzivirira.Zvisinei, dhayi haina chinoderedza uye haina hukama hwefibers.Izvo zvinodikanwa kuwedzera alkali sulfide panguva yekudhaya, uye kuishandura kuita nyika ine hukama hweselulosi fiber kuburikidza ne nucleophilic uye kuderedza maitiro.Kazhinji, inoshandiswa kune machira nenzira yekumisa pad dyeing.

3. Liquid vulcanization

Iyo yakajairika fomula yedhayi ndeye D-SNa, iyo ine imwe chiyero chesodium sulfide inoderedza agent kuti isati yadzikisa dhayi kune inonyungudika nemvura leuco.Kudzikisa dhayi dzesarufa dzakajairwa kumvura-inonyungudika leuco ine inoderedza mumiririri, kuwedzera yakawandisa yekudzikisa mumiririri se antioxidant, kuwedzera inopinda mumiririri, inorganic munyu uye mvura inopfavisa kugadzira dhayi yemvura, inozivikanwawo seyakaderedzwa dhayi.Inogona kushandiswa zvakananga nekudzikisa nemvura.Dhayi dzakadaro dzinosanganisira dhayi dzine sarufa, dzakadai seCasulfon dhayi dzine sodium sulfide, uye hainawo kana zvishoma zvishoma zvesarufa, seImmedial dyes, uye hapana mvura ine tsvina ine sulfur panguva yekudhaya.

4. Environmental friendly vulcanization

Mukugadzira, inonatswa kuita leucochrome, asi iyo sulfur yemukati uye polysulfide zvirimo zvakaderera zvakanyanya pane zvakajairwa dhayi dzesarufa.Iyo dhayi ine kuchena kwepamusoro, kudzikiswa kwakagadzikana, uye kupenya kwakanaka.Panguva imwecheteyo, glucose uye sodium hydrosulfite inoshandiswa sebhinari inoderedza vashandi mubhati yedhayi, iyo haigoni kuderedza dhayi resarufa chete, asiwo inoita basa rezvakatipoteredza.

5. Kuderedza sarufa

Kazhinji inogadzirwa kuita hupfu, yakatsetseka, ultrafine poda kana dhayi dzemvura, akakodzera machira epolyester-donje akasanganiswa uye anoparadzira dhayi mudhayi rekugezera rimwe chete, rinogona kushandiswa kuderedza caustic soda, sodium hydrosulfite (kana thiourea dioxide), pachinzvimbo chesodium sulfide. yekudzikisa uye kunyungudika, senge Hydron Indocarbon dhayi.

6. Kupararira vulcanization

Kuparadzira dhayi dzesarufa dzinobva padhayi dzesarufa uye sulfur vat dhayi, uye inogadzirwa zvinoenderana neyokutengeserana nzira yekuparadzira dhayi.Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa pad dyeing polyester-viscose kana polyester-donje akasanganiswa machira ane anoparadzira dhayi mubhavhu rimwe chete.Kune marudzi gumi nematanhatu eKayaku Homodye akagadzirwa naNippon Kayaku.

Iyo chaiyo yekudhaya maitiro inogona kukamurwa kuita matanho mana

(1) Kuderedzwa kwedhayi Zviri nyore kunyungudutsa sulfur dhayi.Sodium sulfide inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinoderedza, uye inoshandawo sealkali agent.Kuti udzivise muviri weleuco kubva kune hydrolyzed, soda ash nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera, asi alkalinity yebhati yekuderedza haifaniri kunge yakasimba, kana zvisina kudaro dhayi yekuderedza dhayi inononoka.

(2) Dhayi yeleuco mumushonga wedhayi inotorwa nefiber.Iyo leuco yesarufa dhayi iripo mune anion state mune dhayi mhinduro.Iyo ine yakananga kune iyo cellulose fiber uye inogona kushambadzwa pamusoro peiyo fiber uye yakapararira mukati meiyo fiber.Sulfur dhayi leuco ine yakaderera kunanga kune cellulose fiber, kazhinji inotora diki yekugezera reshiyo, uye inowedzera yakakodzera electrolyte panguva imwe chete, inogona kuwedzera dhayi mwero pakupisa kwepamusoro, uye kunatsiridza dhayi nekupinda.

(3) Oxidation kurapwa Mushure mekunge sulfur dhayi leuco yakadhayiwa pafiber, inofanirwa kuve neoxidized kuratidza ruvara rwaunoda.Oxidation inhanho yakakosha mushure mekudhaya nedhayi resarufa.Mushure mekudhaya, nyore oxidized sulfur dhayi inogona kuve yakasvibiswa nemhepo mushure mekugezwa uye kufefetera, ndiko kuti, nzira yemhepo oxidation inoshandiswa;kune mamwe madhayi esarufa asina oxidized nyore, oxidizing agents anoshandiswa kukurudzira oxidation.

(4) Post-processing Post-processing inosanganisira kuchenesa, mafuta, anti-brittleness uye kugadzirisa kwemavara, etc. Sulfur dhayi inofanira kushambidzwa zvakakwana mushure mekudhayira kuderedza sarufa yakasara pamucheka uye kudzivirira jira kuti risave brittle, nokuti sarufa. mudhayi uye nesarufa mualkali yakasvibiswa zviri nyore oxidized mumhepo kuti iite sulfuric acid, iyo inokonzera asidi hydrolysis kune cellulose fiber uye kukonzera kukanganisa.Deredza simba uye ita kuti fiber brittle.Nokudaro, inogona kurapwa ne-anti-brittle agents, zvakadai se: urea, trisodium phosphate, bone glue, sodium acetate, etc. Kuti uvandudze chiedza chezuva uye sipo inokurumidza yedhayi dzesarufa, inogona kugadziriswa mushure mekucheka.Kune nzira mbiri dzekugadzirisa ruvara rwekugadzirisa: simbi yemunyu kurapwa (yakadai se potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, copper acetate uye misanganiswa yemunyu iyi) uye cationic color fixing agent kurapwa (senge colour fixing agent Y).Mukugadzira, zviri nani kushandisa-color-fixing agent M, iyo inosanganiswa ne cationic color-fixing agent uye mhangura yemunyu, iyo inogona kuderedza chromium kusvibiswa.

l Sodium sulfide: Ndokumbira utarise kune izvi paunenge uchishandisa!

"Unonzwa kusuwa nekuti urikunetsa?"

Sodium Sulfide yakagutsurira asi haina kutaura, asi izwi rakanzwika zvakare

"Asi, zvakanaka."

Sodium sulfide yakatarisa murume uyu, anga akapfeka hovhorosi yekudzivirira kuora, mask yegasi nemagirovhosi erabha.

"Tarisa, izvi zviri nyore uye hazvina kunetsa zvachose."

“Aiwa, zvinonetsa.Iwe unofanirwa kupfeka zvipfeko zvekushanda zvekudzivirira-corrosion, mask yegesi, uye magurovhosi erabha.Zvinhu zvakajairika hazvina maturo.Iwe une zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza.Kana ukasangwarira, uchakuvadzwa.Iwe unofanirwa kutarisana navo panguva yekushandiswa.gasi rinorasa nemvura inorasa.”

“Zvisinei, ndine mhinduro.Handifanire kukuvara, uye ndinogona kuzvigadzirisa zvakanaka.

Kana ndikangoerekana ndadurura pazvipfeko zvangu, ndinongoda kubvisa zvipfeko zvakasvibiswa pakarepo, geza nemvura yakawanda inoyerera kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu uye wozoenda kuna chiremba;kana ndikangobata maziso netsaona, ndinogona kusimudza zvikope pakarepo ndogeza nemvura yakawanda inoyerera Kana kuti saline yakajairika nyatsogeza kweinenge maminitsi gumi nemashanu ndisati ndatsvaga kurapwa;kana ndikafemerwa netsaona, ndichakurumidza kubva panzvimbo yacho ndoenda kune imwe nzvimbo ine mhepo yakachena kuti ndichengetedze nzira yemhepo.Kana kufema kwakaoma, bata oxygen zvakare.Kana kufema kukamira, ita kufema kwekugadzira nekukurumidza uye tsvaga kurapwa;ndikamedzwa netsaona, ndinogeza mukanwa nemvura, ndonwa mukaka kana jena zai, ndozotsvaka rubatsiro kuna chiremba.“

“Asi ndichiri kubvira!”

"Ndinoziva, uri chinhu chinopisa chinongoitika chiri mumamiriro asina mvura, uye huruva iri nyore kungopisa mumhepo.Ichaora kana yasangana neasidhi uye kuburitsa magasi anopfuta.Inogona zvakare kugadzira misanganiswa inoputika kana iri muhupfu, uye iyo aqueous solution inoparadza uye ine muchetura zvakanyanya.Irritant yakasimba.Pa100°C unotanga kunyungudika, uye chiutsi chinogona kurwisa girazi.”

Achinzwa izvi, Na Su akawedzera kusuruvara.Musoro wakanga wasimudzwa zvino wakanga watorereka, asisade kutarirazve mutauri.

“Asi hazvina basa, chero mvura, mhute nejecha zvichigona kudzima moto.Kana paine kuputika, bvisa nzvimbo yakasvibiswa, pfeka maski yakazara-chiso uye anti-asidi uye alkali zvipfeko zvebasa uye pinda munzvimbo kubva kumhepo yepamusoro.Foshoro inounganidzwa mumudziyo wakaoma, wakachena, wakavharwa, kana kusukurudzwa nemvura yakawanda, yakanyungudutswa yozoiswa mumvura yakasviba.Kana iri hombe yakadonhedza, inogona chete kuunganidzwa nekudzokororwa kana kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekurasa tsvina kuti inoraswa.Asi izvi zvese Irwo ruzivo rwatakadzidza kare, uye vashandi vekambani yedu vakadzidza nekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi uye kwakarongeka kuitira kuti pasave nekudonha kunoitika.Usanetseka, rega kunzwa uine mhosva, haisi mhosva yako!”

Pashure penguva yakati, Sodium Sulfide yakasimudza musoro ndokuti: “Asi unofanira kungwarira!Kunyangwe wakadzidza izvi, unofanirawo kungwarira, zvine njodzi pakundishandisa.”

l Sodium sulfide: Kana iwe uchida kundiburitsa, ndapota teerera!

“Rongedzera utakure sodium sulfide uende nayo nhasi.Iwe unoziva zvese zvinodzivirira.Iwe unoziva zvakatemwa uye kurongedza!"

“Hongu!”

Kwenguva yakati, fekitari yakatanga kubatikana.

Sodium sulfide yakavharwa zvakasimba mumadhiramu esimbi ane gobvu 0.5 mm, uye huremu hwemambure edhiramu rega rega hahupfuuri 100 kg.Apedza kurongedza, akaiswa pagondola.

Vanoongorora kuchengetedzwa kwechitima vanounganidza zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinoenderana netafura yekusangana kwezvinhu zvine njodzi muMinistry of Railways '"Mitemo Yekutakura Zvinhu Nengozi".Panguva yekutumira, vashandi vakanyatsoongorora kutendeseka uye kuchengetedzwa kwepakiti, uye zvakare vakavimbisa kuti haina kusanganiswa neoxidants, acids, makemikari ezvokudya, nezvimwewo. Pamusoro pezvo, motokari yacho yakashongedzerwawo nemhando dzinoenderana uye huwandu hwe midziyo yekudzimisa moto uye midziyo yekurapa yekukurumidzira inodonha.

Ari mumotokari, Na S aingofunga zvakataurwa nomumwe munhu asati asimuka

Akati, “Ungafunga kuti une muchetura uye une ngura, asi unofanira kuziva kuti une zvakawanda zvaunoshandisa, uye tichaudzawo munhu anokunhonga zvaanofanira kuteerera.Chaunoda kuita kungwarira.Tamba basa rako, kutarisira kwedu ngakuve kwakakodzera, ngatione simba rako, izvi zvakwana. "

Kana Sodium Sulfide ikagara mune yakaderera-tembiricha uye yakaoma imba yekuchengetera zvakare, icharamba ichishuva kunyudzwa mumvura, asi haichanzwa kufinhwa, asi haigoni kumirira kubatsira muridzi wayo mutsva kupedza basa!

Iwe unonyatsoziva nezve sodium sulfide?

Sezvatinoziva tese, sodium sulfide ine muchetura uye inoparadza, asi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakawanda, saka unonyatsonzwisisa ruzivo rwakakodzera nezve sodium sulfide?

l Mhedziso ye sodium sulfide

Pure sodium sulfide icrystalline poda isina ruvara ine yakasimba hygroscopicity uye inonyungudika zviri nyore mumvura.Mushonga wemvura une simba re alkaline reaction uye unokonzera kupisa kana uchinge wabata ganda nebvudzi, saka sodium sulfide inonziwo alkali sulfide.Sodium sulfide aqueous solution ichaita zvishoma nezvishoma oxidize kuita sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate uye sodium polysulfide mumhepo.Rudzi rweindasitiri sodium sulfide ipingi, tsvuku tsvuku, uye khaki nekuda kwetsvina.Yellow flaky sodium sulfide ine hydrogen sulfide hwema uye hygroscopicity.Inoshanduka yero kuita yebrown-dema kana yaiswa muchiedza uye mumhepo, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inogadzira hydrogen sulfide, iyo inogona kuora kana ikasangana neasidhi kana kunyange carbonic acid.Inonyungudika nyore mumvura, inonyungudika zvishoma mu ethanol, uye isinganyunguriki mu ether.Mushonga wemvura ndeye alkaline, uye mhinduro yacho ichaita zvishoma nezvishoma sodium thiosulfate uye sodium hydroxide kana yaiswa mumhepo.

Kuvandudzwa kwesodium sulfide munyika yangu kune nhoroondo refu uye ruzivo rwakapfuma.Kugadzirwa kwesodium sulfide yakatanga mu1830s, uye kugadzirwa-diki kwakatanga kutangwa nefekitari yemakemikari muDalian, Liaoning.Kubva kuma1980 kusvika pakati pema1990, nekusimudzira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yemakemikari epasi rose, indasitiri yemumba yesodium sulfide yakaita shanduko dzakakosha.Nhamba yevagadziri uye chiyero chakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye budiriro inokurumidza.Iyo sodium sulfide yekugadzira nzvimbo yakatarisana muYuncheng, Shanxi yakakurumidza kuwedzera kune anopfuura gumi mapurovhinzi nematunhu anosanganisira Yunnan, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, uye Shaanxi.Huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwenyika hwepagore hwakakwira kubva pamatani 420,000 mukupera kwema1980 kusvika kumatani 640,000 pakati pema1990.Kubuda kwayo kunokura nekukurumidza muInner Mongolia, Gansu, uye Xinjiang muNorthwest China.Hunhu hwekugadzira hweInner Mongolia hwasvika mazana maviri ezviuru zvematani, uye hwave hwaro hwekugadzira hombe hwezvigadzirwa zve sodium sulfide muChina.

Kubva pakatanga kambani yedu kubata sodium sulfide zvigadzirwa, tasvika mukushandira pamwe nemakambani mazhinji uye takagamuchira ongororo dzakanyanya.Tinogona kuvimbisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye chekufambisa uye zvimwe zvinhu, "mhando yebasa", "chigadzirwa chekutanga" uye "mutengi kutanga" Ndiyo musimboti watinogara tichitevedzera!

l Kushandiswa kwe sodium sulfide:

1. Indasitiri yedhayi inoshandiswa kugadzira dhayi dzesarufa, uye ndiyo mbishi yesarufa yebhuruu nesarufa yebhuruu.

2. Muindasitiri yekudhinda nekudhaya, inoshandiswa seyamuro yekudhaya yekunyungudutsa dhayi dzesarufa.

3. Muindasitiri yemapepa, inoshandiswa semugadziri wekubika papepa.

4. Muindasitiri yemucheka, inoshandiswa mukubvisa mafibhi akaitwa nevanhu uye kuderedzwa kwenitrate, uye se mordant yekudhaya machira ekotoni.

5. Muindasitiri yekupisa, inoshandiswa ku hydrolysis kuburitsa matehwe mambishi, uye inoshandiswawo kugadzira sodium polysulfide kukurumidza kunyura kwematehwe akaoma uye kunyorovesa.

6. Indasitiri ye electroplating inoshandiswa pakurapa kweiyo conductive layer mu electroplating yakananga, kuburikidza nekuita kwe sodium sulfide uye palladium kuti iite colloidal palladium sulfide kuti iwane chinangwa chekugadzira yakanaka conductive layer pane isiri-metallic surface.

7. Indasitiri yemishonga inoshandiswa kugadzira antipyretics yakadai se phenacetin.

8. Kune zvakare zvimwe zvinoshandiswa muindasitiri yemauto.

9. Mune mineral flotation, sodium sulfide ndiyo inhibitor ye sulfide ores yakawanda, iyo sulfide agent ye-non-ferrous metal oxide ores, uye deagent yezvakasanganiswa concentrates ye sulfide ores.

10. Mukuchenesa mvura, inonyanya kushandiswa kurapa electroplating kana imwe tsvina ine simbi ions, uye kushandisa sulfur ions kuti precipitate simbi ions kubvisa simbi ions, akadai germanium, tin, lead, sirivheri, cadmium, mhangura, mercury, zingi. , manganese wait.Iyo sodium sulfide precipitation nzira inogona kudzoreredza masimbi akakosha mune inorema simbi tsvina.

11. Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwesodium sulfide kune alkaline etching solution yealuminium uye alloys inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kweiyo yakatemerwa pamusoro, uye inogona kushandiswawo kubvisa alkali-soluble heavy metal tsvina senge zinc mu alkaline etching solution. .

12. Ndiyo yakasvibiswa ye sodium thiosulfate, sodium polysulfide, sulfur dyes, nezvimwewo.

13. Ongorora kuoma kwemvura mukugadzirwa kwenitrogen fertilizer.

Details:

Indasitiri yeMetallurgical:

1) Kubviswa kwetsvina muvhu risingawanzo reachate Paunenge uchibata nemamiriro ekunze crust elution-mhando isingawanzo pasi ores, mushure mekudonha uye leaching ine yakasimba electrolyte mhinduro, isingawanzo pasi pasi leachate inowanikwa kazhinji ine huwandu hukuru hwekusachena ion, seAl3+, Fe3+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, etc. Kana iyo oxalic acid precipitation process inoshandiswa, kusvibiswa uku kuchaita zvisingadzivisiki kuumba oxalate precipitation uye kuendeswa kune zvisingawanzogadzirwa pasi, zvichikanganisa kuchena kwechigadzirwa.Uyezve, kuti udzivise emulsification mune inotevera kudhirowa maitiro, iyo ioni yekusachena mumvura yekudyisa inofanira kubviswa kutanga.Iyo solubility chigadzirwa magadzirirwo e akati wandei simbi sulfide precipitates inoratidzwa mune yakanamatira tafura.Apo Na2S inowedzerwa kune isingawanzoitiki pasi eluate, heavy metal ions Cu2 +, Pb2 +, Zn2 +, nezvimwewo mune mhinduro inogona kubviswa zvinobudirira.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kudzora pH panenge pa5 uye nekuwedzera Na2S kune isingawanzo ivhu eluate kubvisa tsvina kwete chete ine mhedzisiro yakanaka yekubvisa tsvina, asiwo hairasikirwe isingawanzo pasi.

2) Shandisa Na2S kubvisa arsenic.Arsenic kazhinji inowanikwa mumaminerari nenzira ye sulfide.Munguva yepyrometallurgy process, yakawanda yearsenic inoputika kuita flue gasi uye guruva, kunyanya kubuda kwakananga kweiyo yakaderera-yakadzika SO2 ichasvibisa nharaunda.Naizvozvo, kubvisa arsenic kunofanira kuitwa pamberi pe flue gasi rinotevera kurapwa kana kubvisa.Shandisa mhinduro yeNa2S kutora SO2 flue gasi, kuitira kuti As3+ neS2- form As2S3 precipitate (Ksp=2.1×10-22), pane pH yepamusoro (pH>8), As2S3 inogona kunyungudutswa kuita As3S3-6 kana AsS2- 3, kana ichienzaniswa nePakadzika pH, mhinduro inoburitsa H2S gasi.Tsvagiridzo yeYin Aijun et al.[4] inoratidza kuti kana pH yemushonga ichidzorwa muchikamu che2.0 kusvika 5.5, nguva yekupindura imaminitsi makumi mashanu, tembiricha yekupindura iri 30 kusvika 50 ° C, uye iyo flocculant inowedzerwa, iyo arsenic yekubvisa rate inogona kusvika. 90%.% pamusoro.Mukugadzirwa kwemushonga chena kabhoni dema, kuitira kudzikisa zvirimo zvekusachena arsenic muyakaomeswa sulfuric acid yekugadzira mbishi, sodium sulfide inowedzerwa kune yakaomeswa sulfuric acid kuita As3+ fomu As2S3 uye inonaya nekuibvisa.Kugadzirwa kwemaitiro kunoratidza kuti sodium sulfide inobvisa arsenic kwete chete nekukurumidza kuita kukurumidza, asiwo nekubvisa zvachose arsenic.Izvo zviri mu arsenic mu sulfuric acid mushure mekubvisa arsenic iri pasi pe 0.5 × 10-6, uye iyo arsenic yemukati chena kabhoni dema inogadzirwa neiyi mbishi zvinhu ndeye ≤0.0003%, iyo inonyatsoenderana nemirairo yeUnited States Pharmacopoeia.

Kugadziriswa kwemvura:

Izvo zvakanyanya kubata nemvura ine mercury-ine tsvina inokuvadza zvakanyanya kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu.Muindasitiri yekugadzira pasoda, mecury iri mumvura yetsvina yakaraswa inowanzokwira, kudarika mwero wepasi rose (0.05mg/L).Mumushonga usina simba wekubvisa (pH 8-11), mercury ions inogona kugadzira mvura isinganyunguriki ine sodium sulfide.Inogona kuoneka kubva patafura yakasungirirwa kuti solubility chigadzirwa cheHgS idiki kwazvo (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Kuburikidza nekutsvakurudza, zvinotarirwa kuti maitiro ekurapa ndiwo akanakisisa kana huwandu hweNa2S huripo uye pH kukosha inodzorwa pa9-10, uye Hg2 + mumvura yakasvibiswa inogona kuderedzwa kusvika pasi penyika yenyika (0.05mg / L).Pamusoro pezvo, nekuwedzera FeSO4 kugadzira Fe(OH)2 uye Fe(OH)3 colloids mumvura, macolloid aya haangogone kupinza mercury ions chete, asiwo kuteya nejasi zvakamiswa HgS zvimedu zvakasimba, zvichiita basa rakanaka mukugwamba uye kunaya kwemvura. .Sediment haisi nyore kusvibiswa kaviri uye iri nyore kuraswa.

Electroplating industry:

1) Na2S inoshandiswa sechinhu chinopenya mu electroplating:

Sodium sulfide inonyungudutswa mumvura uye ionized kuita zvakanaka chaji sodium ions (Na+) uye zvakaipa chaji sulfide ions (S2-).Munguva ye electroplating process, kuvapo kweS2- mu electrolyte kunogona kukurudzira cathode polarization.Panguva imwecheteyo Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, iyo cathode reaction speed inokurumidza.Iyo yekumhanyisa yekuisa inokwidziridzwa zvakare, iyo yakadzika plating kugona inowedzerwa, iyo coating inonatswa, uye pamusoro pechikamu chakapfava chinova chakajeka zvinoenderana.

2) Sodium sulfide inobvisa tsvina mu electrolyte:

Munguva yekugadzirwa kwe electroplating, kusvibiswa kwakawanda kana kushoma mune zvigadzirwa zvinounzwa mumhinduro yeplating.Izvi zvinosvibisa zvinopindirana zvakasiyana pasi pechiito che electrodes, uye tsvina ine simba shoma ichaiswa pamusoro pechikamu chakapfava pamwe chete neZn2 +, inokanganisa hutano hweplated layer.Mushure mekuwedzera sodium sulfide, S2- mu sodium sulfide inogona kuumba precipitates nesimbi isina kuchena ions, kudzivirira tsvina kubva mukubatanidzwa mumagetsi emagetsi uye kuita kuti kuvhara kupenya.

3) Kushandisa Na2S mhinduro ye flue gasi desulfurization

Parizvino, nzira yekudzoreredza yeSO2 muflue gasi inonyanya kushandura SO2 kuita H2SO4, mvura SO2 uye elemental sulfur.Elemental sulfur zvakare chigadzirwa chakanakira kudzokorodza nekuda kwekureruka kwayo kwekubata uye kufambisa.Maitiro matsva ekugadzira elemental sarufa nekushandisa H2S inogadzirwa kubva kuNa2S mhinduro sechinhu chinoderedza kuderedza SO2.Maitiro aya akareruka uye haadi kushandisa anodhura ekudzikisa maajenti senge gasi rechisikigo uye yakaderera-sarufa marasha seyakajairwa kugadzira matekinoroji.Kana iyo pH yemushonga inodonha kusvika 8.5-7.5, inonwisa SO2 neNa2S inoburitsa H2S, uye H2S uye SO2 ichave yakanyorova Claus reaction muchikamu chemvura.

Mineral processing industry:

1) Sodium sulfide se inhibitor:

Iyo inhibitory mhedzisiro ye sodium sulfide pane sulfide ore inowanzo tenda kuti inonyanya kukonzerwa nezvikamu zviviri.Imwe ndeyokuti Na2S hydrolyzes kugadzira HS-, HS- isingabatanidzi xanthate adsorbed pamusoro pemvura sulfide minerals, uye panguva imwe chete, inoshambadzirwa pane mineral surface kuti iwedzere hydrophilicity ye mineral surface;imwe yacho Kune rumwe rutivi, inofungidzirwa kuti inhibitory effect yeNa2S haisi kungokonzerwa nekushambadza kweHS- pane mineral surface, asiwo ine chokuita neS2- yakagadzirwa neionization yeNa2S mune aqueous solution.

Nekuda kweiyo yakakura solubility chigadzirwa chePbS uye diki solubility chigadzirwa chePbX2, kana Na2S yawedzerwa, iyo yekusangana kweS2- inowedzera, uye chiyero chinoshanduka kuruboshwe, izvo zvinoita kuti xanthate ibatanidzwe kune mineral surface desorb, kuitira kuti Na2S inogona kutadzisa mineral surface effect.Uchishandisa inhibitory mhedzisiro yeNa2S, iyo flotation yeNi2S3 inogona kudziviswa nekuwedzera Na2S, kuitira kuti kuparadzaniswa kunoshanda kweCu2S neNi2S3 mune yakakwira nickel matte kugone kuitika.Mune zvimwe zvinotungamira-zinc bheneficiation zvidyarwa, nekuda kwezvinetso zvemidziyo uye zvisina musoro maitiro ekugadzira, iyo slag mushure mekuyangarara ichine yakakwira lead uye zinc.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekudzvanywa kwemamwe maajenti ekuyaruka pamusoro payo, kurongedza kwenguva refu kunokonzeresa madhaka akakomba, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuoma kukuru mukuparadzaniswa zvakare kwe lead-zinc yepakati ore.Uchishandisa iyo inhibitory mhedzisiro yeNa2S, Na2S inogona kushandiswa se reagent yekubvisa xanthate iyo yakashambadzirwa pane iyo mineral surface, kuitira kuti inotevera flotation operation iri nyore kuita.Iyo lead-zinc yepakati ore yakaunganidzwa muShaanxi Xinhe Concentrator yakafanogadzirwa nesodium sulfide yekubvisa zvinodhaka, uyezve flotation yakaitwa kuti iwane lead concentrate ine lead content ye63.23% uye zinc concentrate ine zinc content ye55.89% (lead and Iyo yekudzoreredza mwero we zinc inogona kusvika 60.56% uye 85.55% zvichiteerana), iyo inoshandisa zvizere zvechipiri zvicherwa zviwanikwa.Mukugadzirisa kwemhangura-zinc sulfide ores, nekuda kwedense symbiosis yemaminerari, sulfur yemukati uye yakakwira yechipiri mhangura, zvakaoma kuronga.Mhando iyi ye ore yakashandiswa neCu2 + panguva yekukuya, uye kutenderera kwayo Iri pedyo nechalcopyrite, saka mhangura uye zinc minerals hazvisi nyore kuparadzanisa.Paunenge uchigadzira rudzi urwu rweore, nekuwedzera Na2S panguva yekukuya, iyo S2- inogadzirwa neiyo hydrolysis yeNa2S uye mamwe anorema simbi ions ane activation kugona, seCu2 +, inoumba insoluble sulfide precipitates kubvisa activation yeaya heavy metal ions.Zvadaro, nekuwedzera zingi uye sulfur inhibitors, kushandisa butyl ammonium dema mushonga kuti preferentially kusarudza mhangura-mhangura tailings zingi kusarudza-zinc tailings kuti sarufa kupatsanurwa kuwana mhangura concentrate ne 25.10% mhangura uye zingi concentrate ne 41.20% zinc ore uye sulfur concentrate pamwe nesarufa. sulfuri inokwana 38.96%.

2) Sodium sulfide se activator:

Zvidzidzo zvekuyangarara zve smithsonite-limonite system zvakaratidza kuti mu limonite amine flotation, chete pakadzika pH, amine yaigona kushambadza pamusoro pemaminerari nemagetsi emagetsi.Nekudaro, mushure mekuwedzera Na2S, firimu reFeS rinoumbwa pamusoro peiyo limonite.Sezvo iyo firimu yeFeS inogona kuwedzera kushambadza kwemamolecular amines pane yakakwirira pH, iyo FeS reagent particles inogona kushandiswa kutenderera, uye limonite inogona kuderedzwa pa pH yakakwira.Amine flotation yakaitwa.Uye zvakare, Na2S inogona kushandiswa seyayangarara activator yemhangura oxide zvicherwa.Kana huwandu hwakakodzera hweNa2S hwawedzerwa kune inoyerera mhinduro, iyo yakaparadzaniswa S2- inosangana nekuchinja-chinja nemaanioni e lattice pamusoro peiyo oxidized mineral kuti igadzire sulfide firimu pamusoro peiyo copper oxide mineral, iyo inobatsira iyo adsorption ye xanthate vaunganidzi.Nekudaro, iyo copper sulfide firimu inoumbwa pamusoro pecopper oxide ore haina kusimba zvakanyanya, uye zviri nyore kudonha kana kubvongodza kwakasimba.Paunenge uchibata nemugodhi wendarira weTotozui muDaye, Hubei (mhangura-ine zvicherwa zvinonyanya kuumbwa nemalachite), iyo nzira yekuyangarara yekuwedzera Na2S mumatanho akawanda uye kubvisa iyo concentrate pane akawanda mapoinzi inoderedza kutenderera kwepakati ore, uye iyo mhangura inotarisa. giredhi reshiyo Maitiro ekugadzira akavandudzwa ne2.1%, uye mhangura negoridhe kudzoreredza mitengo yakawedzera ne25.98% uye 10.81% zvichiteerana.Na2S inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyayangarara activator yepyrite yakadzvanywa neperalkali lime mune perkalime system.Mupamusoro alkali system, pamusoro pepyrite yakafukidzwa ne hydrophilic calcium film (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), iyo inodzivisa kutenderera kwayo.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mushure mekuwedzera Na2S, iyo hydrolyzed HS- ions inogona kusvina Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 uye Fe (OH) 3 yakavhara pamusoro pepyrite kune rumwe rutivi, uye panguva imwe chete, inogona kushambadzirwa pa. pamusoro pepyrite..Nekuti pyrite inokwanisa kutamisa maerekitironi, kana iyo interface yepyrite yakakura kupfuura EHS/S0, HS- inorasikirwa nemaerekitironi pamusoro pe xanthate kugadzira hydrophobic elemental sulfur.Iyo inokonzeresa elemental sulfur inopfeka pamusoro peiyo mineral, nekudaro ichiimisa kuti iite kuyerera nyore.

3) Sodium sulfide inoshandiswa seyakafukidzirwa flotation mumiriri wegoridhe nesirivheri zvicherwa:

Sezvo muunganidzi-yemahara flotation yegoridhe ore ichishandisa zvizere iyo electrochemical musimboti uye mutsauko weelectron pamusoro pesulfide uye goridhe-sirivheri zvicherwa, iyo inounganidzira-yemahara flotation ine yakakwirira selectivity uye yakapusa reagent system.Pamusoro pezvo, inobvisa iyo isingasarudze adsorption iyo yakaoma kudzora mukutenderera kwevanotora xanthate, uye inogadzirisa dambudziko rekubvisa zvinodhaka pamberi pecyanide leaching goridhe uye dambudziko remuunganidzi firimu chipingamupinyi goridhe leaching.Naizvozvo, mumakore achangopfuura, iyo Kune dzakawanda zvidzidzo pamusoro pekuyerera kwegoridhe nesirivheri zvicherwa pasina kudzoreredza vamiririri.Ndarama uye sulfide zvicherwa mugoridhe nesirivheri ores zvinowanzogara pamwe chete, kunyanya goridhe uye pyrite zvinoenderana zvakanyanya.Nekuti pamusoro pepyrite ine semiconductor zvivakwa uye humwe hunhu hwekutakura maerekitironi, uye, kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kwepamusoro electrostatic kugona kwepyrite neHS-/S0 kusvika EHS-/S0, apo pH ye ore slurry iri mumhando ye8. -13, pyrite Kugona kwe electrostatic kwenzvimbo yemugodhi kunogara kwakakwira kupfuura EHS-/S0.Naizvozvo, iyo HS- uye S2- ionized neNa2S mupulp inoyerera pane pyrite pamusoro kugadzira elemental sarufa.

Leatherindustry:

Uchishandisa iyo grey-alkali musanganiswa nzira:

(1) Yakachena lime alkali nzira: kusanganiswa kwe sodium sulfide uye lime;

(2) Alkali-alkali nzira: musanganiswa we sodium sulfide, caustic soda, uye slaked lime (inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira liming yematehwe enyati nenguruve).Nekuda kweiyo alkalinity yakasimba ye caustic soda, ikozvino kugadzirwa kwetanning hakusi kwekugadzirwa kwematehwe enguruve chete, asiwo yekugadzira liming.Shandisa zvishoma caustic soda;

(3) Lime-alkali-munyu nzira: pamusana penzira yakachena ye-ash-alkali, wedzera munyu usina neutral, zvakadai se calcium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, nezvimwewo;

(4) Enzymatic liming.

Ku:

1. Bvisa interdermal fibrous matrix, kuderedza kuwirirana pakati pebvudzi, epidermis uye dermis, shandura elastic fibers, kuparadza mutsara wenyama, uye kubatsiridza kushanda kwezvimwe zvinhu paganda mumutambo unotevera;

2. Saponify mafuta muganda risina chinhu, bvisa chikamu chemafuta muganda, uye uite chimwe chikamu mukuderedza;

3. Vhura zvisungo zvechipiri zvechikamu che collagen, kuitira kuti collagen fibers isunungurwe zvakanaka uye mamwe mapoka e-collagen anoshanda anosunungurwa;

4. Bvisa jasi uye cuticle (bvudzi rakaora alkali).

Indasitiri yedhayi:

Dhayi dzeSulfur dzine nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura 100 kubva pakuzvarwa kwavo.Madhayi ekutanga esarufa akabudiswa naCroissant naBretonniere muna 1873. Vakabatanidza zvinhu zvine organic fibers, zvakadai sehuni chips, humus, bran, tsvina yekotoni uye tsvina Pepa, nezvimwewo zvinowanikwa nekupisa nealkali sulfide uye polysulfide.Iyi dhayi yakasviba, inonhuwa-inonhuwa yehygroscopic ine chimiro chisina kugadzikana uye inonyungudika nyore mumvura.Paunenge uchidhaya donje nebhati yealkaline uye yekugeza alkali sulfide, dhayi yegirini inowanikwa.Cotton inogona kuita shava kana yaiswa mumhepo kana kuti yakazadzwa nemakemikari ine dichromate solution kugadzirisa ruvara.Nekuti dhayi idzi dzine mashandiro akanaka ekudhaya uye mutengo wakaderera, dzinogona kushandiswa muindasitiri yekudhaya donje.

Muna 1893, R.Vikal yakanyungudusa p-aminophenol nesodium sulfide nesarufa kugadzira dhayi nhema dzesarufa.Akaona zvakare kuti zvimwe zvinobva mubenzene nenaphthalene zvinogona kunyungudutswa nesarufa nesodium sulfide kugadzira dhayi nhema dzesarufa dzakasiyana.dye.Kubva ipapo, vanhu vakagadzira dhayi yebhuruu, tsvuku uye yegirini sarufa pahwaro uhwu.Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira yekugadzirira uye nzira yekudhaya zvakare yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya.Dhayi dzesarufa dzinonyungudika nemvura, dhayi dzesarufa dzemvura uye dhayi dzesarufa dzinoenderana nemhoteredzo dzakabuda dzakatevedzana, zvichiita kuti dhayi dzesarufa dzibudirire.

Dhayi dzeSulfur parizvino ndeimwe yedhayi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya.Maererano nemishumo, kubudiswa kwedhayi dzesarufa munyika kunosvika matani anopfuura 100 000, uye rudzi rwakakosha idhayi dema resarufa.Parizvino, kubuda kwesarufa dema account kune 75% ~ 85% yehuwandu hwekubuda kwedhayi dzesarufa.Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakapfava, mutengo wakaderera, kukurumidza kwakanaka uye isina carcinogenicity, inofarirwa nevanogadzira vanodhinda nedhayi.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudhayiwa kwedonje uye mamwe ma cellulose fiber, uye dema nebhuruu mutsara ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.

Pane nzira mbiri dzekugadzira maindasitiri edhayi resarufa:

1) Nzira yekubikira, kubika maamine, phenols kana nitro komisheni yemahydrocarboni anonhuhwirira ane sulfur kana sodium polysulfide pakupisa kwepamusoro kugadzirira dhayi yeyero, orenji uye shava sulfur.

2) Nzira yekubikisa, kupisa uye kubika maamines, phenols kana nitro makomisheni emahydrocarboni anonhuwirira uye sodium polysulfide mumvura kana organic zvinonyungudutsa kugadzira dhayi nhema, bhuruu uye girinhi sarufa.

Classification

1) Poda vulcanization

Iyo general structural formula yedhayi iDSSD, uye kazhinji inoda kubikwa nesodium sulfide uye yoiswa mushure mekunyungudika.Rudzi urwu rwedhayi haruna kunyungudika mumvura, dhayi inogona kuderedzwa kuita leuco ine alkaline inoderedza agent, uye yakanyungudutswa mumvura, iyo sodium munyu yeleuco inogona kutorwa nefiber.

2) Mvura-soluble vulcanization

Iyo yakajairwa fomula yechimiro chedhayi ndeye D-SSO3Na.Chimiro cherudzi urwu rwedhayi ndechekuti kune mapoka anonyungudika nemvura muchimiro chemolecular yedhayi, iyo ine yakanaka solubility uye yakanaka level yekudhaya pfuma.React zvakajairwa nesarufa madhayi ane sodium sulfite kana sodium bisulfite kugadzira dhayi thiosulfate, ine solubility ye150g/L pa20°C uye inoshandiswa kuramba ichidhaya.Mvura-inonyungudika sarufa madhayi anonyungudika nekukurumidza pakupisa kwekamuri, hapana chinhu chisinganyungudika, uye kunyungudika kwakazara kunokwana kuzadzisa zvese zvinodikanwa zvekunyunguduka zvedhayi dosage.Mvura-inonyungudika sarufa madhayi ane yakanakisa tembiricha yekudzivirira.Zvisinei, dhayi haina chinoderedza uye haina hukama hwefibers.Izvo zvinodikanwa kuwedzera alkali sulfide panguva yekudhaya, uye kuishandura kuita nyika ine hukama hweselulosi fiber kuburikidza ne nucleophilic uye kuderedza maitiro.Kazhinji, inoshandiswa kune machira nenzira yekumisa pad dyeing.

3) Liquid vulcanization

Iyo yakajairika fomula yedhayi ndeye D-SNa, iyo ine imwe chiyero chesodium sulfide inoderedza agent kuti isati yadzikisa dhayi kune inonyungudika nemvura leuco.Kudzikisa dhayi dzesarufa dzakajairwa kumvura-inonyungudika leuco ine inoderedza mumiririri, kuwedzera yakawandisa yekudzikisa mumiririri se antioxidant, kuwedzera inopinda mumiririri, inorganic munyu uye mvura inopfavisa kugadzira dhayi yemvura, inozivikanwawo seyakaderedzwa dhayi.Inogona kushandiswa zvakananga nekudzikisa nemvura.Dhayi dzakadaro dzinosanganisira dhayi dzine sarufa, dzakadai seCasulfon dhayi dzine sodium sulfide, uye hainawo kana zvishoma zvishoma zvesarufa, seImmedial dyes, uye hapana mvura ine tsvina ine sulfur panguva yekudhaya.

4) Environmental friendly vulcanization

Mukugadzira, inonatswa kuita leucochrome, asi iyo sulfur yemukati uye polysulfide zvirimo zvakaderera zvakanyanya pane zvakajairwa dhayi dzesarufa.Iyo dhayi ine kuchena kwepamusoro, kudzikiswa kwakagadzikana, uye kupenya kwakanaka.Panguva imwecheteyo, glucose uye sodium hydrosulfite inoshandiswa sebhinari inoderedza vashandi mubhati yedhayi, iyo haigoni kuderedza dhayi resarufa chete, asiwo inoita basa rezvakatipoteredza.

5) Sarufa kuderedza

Kazhinji inogadzirwa kuita hupfu, yakatsetseka, ultrafine poda kana dhayi dzemvura, akakodzera machira epolyester-donje akasanganiswa uye anoparadzira dhayi mudhayi rekugezera rimwe chete, rinogona kushandiswa kuderedza caustic soda, sodium hydrosulfite (kana thiourea dioxide), pachinzvimbo chesodium sulfide. yekudzikisa uye kunyungudika, senge Hydron Indocarbon dhayi.

6) Kupararira vulcanization

Kuparadzira dhayi dzesarufa dzinobva padhayi dzesarufa uye sulfur vat dhayi, uye inogadzirwa zvinoenderana neyokutengeserana nzira yekuparadzira dhayi.Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa pad dyeing polyester-viscose kana polyester-donje akasanganiswa machira ane anoparadzira dhayi mubhavhu rimwe chete.Kune marudzi gumi nematanhatu eKayaku Homodye akagadzirwa naNippon Kayaku.

Structural Dyeing Mechanism

Dhayi dzesarufa rudzi rwedhayi dzine sarufa.Iyo molecule ine sulfur bonds inoumbwa maviri kana kupfuura maatomu esarufa.Kana ikashandiswa, inoderedzwa kuva muviri weleuco, kuitira kuti inogona kunyungudutswa mumvura uye dhayi fiber.Maitiro ekudhaya sarufa anosiyana nerudzi rwedhayi.Madhayi eSulfur ane kukurumidza kugeza nekukurumidza uye kushanda kwakasimba.Kunyange zvazvo kukurumidza kukwesha uye kujeka kusina kunaka semadhayi ane reactive, kukurumidza kushatisa uye kukurumidza kupenya kuri nani pane dhayi reactive, uye dhayi dzesarufa dzinoshandisa munyu mushoma uye dzinodya mvura shoma pakudhaya.vashoma.Madhayi eSulfur organic compounds ane nitro uye amino mapoka, mazhinji acho anoumbwa nekuita nesarufa uye sodium sulfide pakupisa kwakanyanya.Madhayi mazhinji esarufa haana chimiro chemakemikari chaiwo.Kudhayiwa kwedhayi dzesarufa kwakafanana neyedhayi dzevat.Vanoumba leucosomes inonyungudika nemvura ine hukama nefiber kuti idhaye faibha kuburikidza nemakemikari ekuderedza maitiro, uyezve inosunga zvakasimba kune fiber kuburikidza neoxidation.

Dhayi dzesarufa hadzina kunyungudika mumvura, uye sodium sulfide kana zvimwe zvinoderedza zvinodikanwa kudzikisa madhayi kuti anyungudika leucosomes panguva yekudhaya.Iine hukama kune faibha uye inodhayi faibha, yobva yadzoreredza kusanyungudika kwayo mushure meiyo oxidation uye kukura kwemavara uye kugadzirisa pane fiber.Saka dhayi yesarufa imhando yedhayi yevat.Madhayi eSulfur anogona kushandiswa kudhaya donje, rineni, viscose uye mamwe mafibhi.Maitiro ekugadzira ari nyore, mutengo wakaderera, uye unogona kupenda ruvara rumwe kana mavara akasanganiswa.Iine chiedza chakanaka chekutsanya uye chisina kupfeka kupfeka nekukurumidza.Iko kushomeka kwemavara matsvuku uye epepuru, uye ruvara rwakasviba, rwakakodzera kudhaya mavara akakora.

Diyeing mechanism

Dhayi dzesarufa dzakaderedzwa uye dzakanyungudika kuti dzigadzire dhayi mhinduro, uye iyo yakaumbwa leucosomes inotorwa neselulosi fibers, uye mushure mekurapwa kwemhepo oxidation, iyo cellulose fiber inoratidza ruvara rwaunoda.

Iyo matrix yesarufa dhayi haina hukama hwefiber, uye chimiro chayo chine sulfur bond, disulfide bonds kana polysulfide bond, iyo inoderedzwa kuva sulfhydryl mapoka pasi pechiito chesodium sulfide inoderedza agent uye inova inonyungudika mumvura leucosome sodium munyu.Chikonzero nei maleucosomes aine hukama hwakanaka hwemaselulosi faibha ndechekuti mamorekuru edhayi akati kurei, izvo zvinozoburitsa simba guru reVan der Waals uye hydrogen bonding forces nemafibers.

Maitiro:

Maitiro ekudhaya anogona kukamurwa kuita matanho mana anotevera:

1) Kuderedzwa kwedhayi Zviri nyore kunyungudutsa sulfur dhayi.Sodium sulfide inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinoderedza, uye inoshandawo sealkali agent.Kuti udzivise muviri weleuco kubva kune hydrolyzed, soda ash nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera, asi alkalinity yebhati yekuderedza haifaniri kunge yakasimba, kana zvisina kudaro dhayi yekuderedza dhayi inononoka.

2) Dhayi leuco mumushonga wekudhaya inobatwa nefiber.Iyo leuco yedhayi yesarufa iripo mune anion state mune yekudhaya mhinduro.Iyo ine yakananga kune iyo cellulose fiber uye inogona kushambadzwa pamusoro peiyo fiber uye yakapararira mukati meiyo fiber.Sulfur dhayi leuco ine yakaderera kunanga kune cellulose fiber, kazhinji inotora diki yekugezera reshiyo, uye inowedzera yakakodzera electrolyte panguva imwe chete, inogona kuwedzera dhayi mwero pakupisa kwepamusoro, uye kunatsiridza dhayi nekupinda.

3) Oxidation kurapwa Mushure mokunge sulfur dhayi leuco yakadhayiwa pafiber, inofanira kunge yakasvibiswa kuratidza ruvara rwaunoda.Oxidation inhanho yakakosha mushure mekudhaya nedhayi resarufa.Mushure mekudhaya, nyore oxidized sulfur dhayi inogona kuve yakasvibiswa nemhepo mushure mekugezwa uye kufefetera, ndiko kuti, nzira yemhepo oxidation inoshandiswa;kune mamwe madhayi esarufa asina oxidized nyore, oxidizing agents anoshandiswa kukurudzira oxidation.

4) Post-processing Post-processing inosanganisira kuchenesa, mafuta, anti-brittleness uye kugadzirisa kwemavara, etc. Sulfur dhayi inofanira kushambidzwa zvakakwana mushure mekucheka kuti kuderedze sarufa yakasara pamucheka uye kudzivirira jira kuti risave brittle, nokuti sulfur in. dhayi nesarufa iri mualkali yakasvibiswa zviri nyore oxidized mumhepo kuita sulfuric acid, izvo zvinokonzeresa acid hydrolysis kune cellulose fiber uye kukanganisa.Deredza simba uye ita kuti fiber brittle.Nokudaro, inogona kurapwa ne-anti-brittle agents, zvakadai se: urea, trisodium phosphate, bone glue, sodium acetate, etc. Kuti uvandudze chiedza chezuva uye sipo inokurumidza yedhayi dzesarufa, inogona kugadziriswa mushure mekucheka.Kune nzira mbiri dzekugadzirisa ruvara rwekugadzirisa: simbi yemunyu kurapwa (yakadai se potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, copper acetate uye misanganiswa yemunyu iyi) uye cationic color fixing agent kurapwa (senge colour fixing agent Y).Mukugadzira, zviri nani kushandisa-color-fixing agent M, iyo inosanganiswa ne cationic color-fixing agent uye mhangura yemunyu, iyo inogona kuderedza chromium kusvibiswa.

Matambudziko:

Nzira yekugadzira dhayi yesarufa ipfupi, mutengo wakaderera, uye kukurumidza kwacho kwakanaka, asi nekuti ichine zvikanganiso zvakawanda uye matambudziko mukugadzirwa chaiko uye kushandiswa, haisati yagona kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumachira akasiyana.

Sodium sulfide inoshandiswa mukushandiswa kwedhayi dzesarufa, uye yakawandisa.Chikamu che sodium sulfide chinoshandiswa kuderedza dhayi, asi chikamu chakawandisa chinoburitsa mvura ine tsvina ine sulfur.Mvura yetsvina inodhayi ine sulfur yakawanda.Mvura yakasviba haigoni kunyatsogadziriswa, uye kubudiswa kwemvura kunonetsa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa.Kana yakabudiswa zvakananga, hydrogen sulfide ichabudiswa, iyo inokonzera kukuvadza kune zvipenyu, uye ichaitawo corrode sewage system uye kusunungura kunhuhwirira, izvo zvinokuvadza hutano hwevanhu (dhayi pachayo inokuvadza muviri wemunhu. Hapana chakaipa. kune hutano hwemushandisi uye inoonekwa sedhayi isina chepfu).

Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko remvura yakasviba, fekitori inoda kuisa mari yakawanda, iyo isingango wedzera zvakanyanya mutengo wekugadzira, asi zvakare inoburitsa muchetura hydrogen sulfide gasi panguva yekudhaya.Kana yasvika kune imwe nhanho mumhepo, inogona kukonzera dzungu, kurova kwemoyo, kusvotwa, etc. Zvechokwadi zvine ngozi.

Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekuderera zvishoma nezvishoma kwedhayi dzesarufa.Nekuda kwekuti dhayi dzesarufa hadzina kunyungudika mumvura, machira akadhayiwa haamiri kukwizwa uye haadzivirirwe nechlorine bleaching.Uye nekuda kwekuti yakawanda ye sulfide inoshandiswa pakudhayira inoramba iri muchinhu chakadhayiwa, chigadzirwa chakapedzwa hachina brittle nekuda kweiyo oxidation yemhepo kugadzira sulfate radicals panguva yekuchengetedza.Iyo yakadhayiwa yeinonyanya kushandiswa dema sarufa dhayi ine brittle panguva yekuchengetedza.Nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwekuparara kwedhayi yesarufa, zvigadzirwa zvemvura zvakagadziridzwa mumakore achangopfuura, asi zvinongori dhayi dzesarufa dzakaderedzwa.Dheyi dzesarufa dzakajairwa zvinhu zvine njodzi zvine alkalinity yakasimba uye kunhuwa, kusagadzikana kwekuchengetedza, nyore kusvibisa uye kunetsa kugezeswa nekuda kwekubatana kwavo kune zvinhu.Dhayi dzesarufa dzinoda kuderedzwa uye kunyungudutswa musati madhaya mafibhi, uye matanho epashure ekurapa anorema, uye iyo yese yekudhaya maitiro yakaoma.Machira ekudhaya kazhinji anongogumira kune cellulose fiber sedonje.Mumvuri wesarufa dhayi wakareruka, dema ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yemavara spectrum, inoteverwa nebhuruu, maorivhi uye mashava, zvakaoma kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevanhu munharaunda yemazuva ano kune akapfuma uye ane mavara mavara.

Solution:

Sezvo dzimwe nyika dzinorambidza mamwe carcinogenic azo dyes.Kugadzirwa kwedhayi nyowani dzesarufa, kunyanya dhayi dzesarufa dzinonyungudika nemvura, dzichavawo netarisiro yakafara yeprotein fibers.

Parizvino, 90% yedhayi dzesarufa dzepasi dzichiri kushandisa sodium sulfide, uye yakawandisa.Chikamu che sodium sulfide chinoshandiswa kuderedza dhayi, asi yakawandisa inoburitsa mvura ine tsvina ine sarufa.Kuiburitsa zvakananga kuchasvibisa nharaunda.Kumwe kuvandudzwa kwedhayi dzesarufa kuchatsiva iyo parizvino inoshandiswa inodzikisa agent sodium sulfide.Panyaya iyi, kuwedzera kwemutengo kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana nemutengo wezvino wekurapa sarufa-ine tsvina yemvura neklorini.Sezvo zvinodiwa nevanhu zvezvakatipoteredza zviri kuramba zvichikwira, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuri kuwedzera kukosha.Izvo zvinodikanwa kuita ecological kusarudzwa kweanoderedza maajenti uye oxidizing maajenti ekudhaya sarufa.Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwedhayi dzesarufa dzisina sarufa kana kuti dzine sarufa shoma dzinogona kuita kuti kushandiswa kwedhayi dzesarufa kuve kunoenderana nenharaunda.Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kuwedzera chiyero chekudha uye kushandiswa kwedhayi kwedhayi dzesarufa, nokudaro kuderedza huwandu hwasara hwedhayi mumvura yakasviba.

Chirevo chechiyero chekudhaya chinosanganisira zvinhu zviviri:

1) The adsorption rate yedhayi mudhayi doro nepamusoro pefiber;

2) Kupararira kwehuwandu hwedhayi mudhayi doro kubva pamusoro pefiber kusvika mukati mefiber.

Dhayi dzeSulfur hadzina kunyungudika mumvura uye dzinofanirwa kuderedzwa zvizere uye kunyungudika neinoderedza mumiriri isati yadhayiwa.Kune nhamba shoma yedhayi dzesarufa dzine zvidimbu zvakakura uye kusagadzikana kunyungudika, dzinofanirwa kubvongodzwa kana kutobikwa mushure mekuwedzera sodium sulfide kubatsira dhayi kunyungudika zvizere.Kune rumwe rutivi, iyo cellulose fiber inogadziriswa kuti iwedzere nhamba yemapoka akasanganiswa nedhayi, nokudaro achivandudza kushandiswa kwedhayi.

l Kuchengetedza kwe sodium sulfide

Dangerous

a) Dambudziko rehutano: Ichi chigadzirwa chinogona kuora hydrogen sulfide mudumbu remukati, uye inogona kukonzera chepfu yehydrogen sulfide mushure mekutonga nemuromo.Inoora paganda nemaziso.

b) Njodzi Yezvakatipoteredza: Nengozi kune zvakatipoteredza.

c) Kuputika kwengozi: Ichi chigadzirwa chinopisa, chinopisa zvakanyanya uye chinogumbura, uye chinogona kukonzera kupisa kumuviri wemunhu.

First-aid

a) Kubata ganda: Kurura hembe nekukasika wogeza nemvura inoyerera yakawanda kwemaminitsi angangoita gumi nemashanu.Tsvaka kurapwa.

b) Kutarisa maziso: Simudza pakarepo maziso uye nyatsogeza nemvura yakawanda inoyerera kana saline yakakwana kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.Tsvaka kurapwa.

c) Kufema: Ibva panzvimbo nekukurumidza uchienda kumhepo yakachena.Chengetedza nzira yekufema yakavhurika.Kana kufema kwakaoma, ipa oxygen.Kana usingafeme, ipa artificial kufema nekukasika.Tsvaka kurapwa.

d) Kudya: Shamba mukanwa nemvura, ipa mukaka kana mazai machena.Tsvaka kurapwa.

Matanho ekudzima moto

a) Hunhu hunokuvadza: chinhu chinonzi anhydrous chinongobvira moto, uye guruva rayo riri nyore kungopisa mumhepo.Inoora kana iine asidhi uye inoburitsa gasi rine muchetura uye rinopisa.Hupfu nemhepo zvinogona kugadzira misanganiswa inoputika.Mushonga wayo une aqueous unodya uye unoshatirisa zvakanyanya.Inotanga kubuda pa100 ° C, uye mhute inogona kukanganisa girazi.

b) Zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvine ngozi: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides.

c) Nzira yekudzima moto: Shandisa mvura, pfapfaidza mvura, jecha kudzima moto.

Kurasika kubata

a) Kurapwa kwechimbichimbi: tsaura nzvimbo yakabvisirwa yakasvibiswa uye kurambidza kupinda.Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vashandi vekukurumidzira vapfeke masiki eguruva (masiki kumeso akazara) uye anti-asidhi uye alkali basa zvipfeko.Pinda saiti kubva kumusoro.

b) Kudonha kuduku: dzivisa kusimudza guruva, unganidza nefoshoro yakachena mumudziyo wakaoma, wakachena une chivharo.Inogonawo kushambidzwa nehuwandu hwemvura, uye mvura yakashambidzwa inonatswa uye inoiswa mumvura yakasvibiswa.

c) Kuwanda kwekurasira: kuunganidza nekudzokorodza kana kutakura kuenda kunzvimbo yekurasa tsvina kuti inoraswa.

kurasira kuchengetedza

a) Kubata Chengetedzo: Kuvharwa kushanda.Vashandi vanofanirwa kudzidziswa kwakakosha uye kunyatsotevedzera maitiro ekushanda.Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vashandi vapfeke masiki ega-priming sefa huruva, magirazi ekudzivirira makemikari, asidhi yerabha uye alkali resistant zvipfeko, uye rubber acid uye alkali resistant gloves.Ramba kure nemoto nekupisa, uye kuputa kunorambidzwa zvachose munzvimbo yebasa.Shandisa kuputika-proof ventilation systems nemidziyo.Dzivisa kugadzira huruva.Dzivisa kusangana neoxidizing agents uye acids.Pakubata, takura uye uturure zvishoma kudzivirira kukanganisa kwekurongedza uye midziyo.Yakashongedzerwa nemhando dzinoenderana uye huwandu hwemidziyo yekudzimisa moto uye inovuza yekurapa emergency emergency.Zvigaba zvisina chinhu zvinogona kuva zvisaririra zvinokuvadza.

b) Chengetedzo yekuchengetedza: Chengetedza muimba yekuchengetera inotonhorera, ine mhepo.Ramba kure nemoto nekupisa.Humidity muraibhurari zviri nani kwete kupfuura 85%.Iyo package yakavharwa.Inofanira kuchengetwa zvakasiyana kubva kune oxidants uye acids, uye haifaniri kuchengetwa pamwe chete.Haifanirwe kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba kuti isaora.Yakashongedzerwa nemhando yakakodzera uye huwandu hwemidziyo yemoto.Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinofanirwa kunge dzakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yakakodzera kuti ive nekurasika.

l Chengetedzo yekurongedza uye yekufambisa

1. Packing nzira: Iise mu 0.5 mm gobvu simbi madhiramu uye chisimbiso zvakasimba, uye mambure uremu chigubhu chimwe nechimwe haafaniri kudarika 100 kg;mabhodhoro egirazi-pamusoro, iron cap, mabhodhoro egirazi, mabhodhoro epurasitiki kana mabhokisi emapuranga akajairika kunze kwemadhiramu esimbi (magaba);Screw-yepamusoro bhodhoro regirazi, bhodhoro repurasitiki kana tin-plated yakatetepa simbi dhiramu (can) yakavharwa nefloor grate box, fiberboard box kana plywood box;tin-plated zvitete simbi dhiramu (gaba), simbi dhiramu (gaba), epurasitiki bhodhoro kana simbi hose Kunze marata bhokisi.

2. Chengetedzo yezvifambiso: Painotakurwa nechitima, madhiramu esimbi anogona kutakurwa nemotokari yakashama.Pakutakurwa nechitima, inofanira kuunganidzwa zvichinyatsoenderana netafura yekusangana kwezvinhu zvine njodzi mu "Mitemo Yekutakurwa kwezvinhu zvine ngozi" yakapihwa neBazi reRailways.Iyo yekurongedza inofanira kunge yakazara uye kurodha kunofanirwa kuve kwakachengeteka panguva yekutumira.Panguva yekufambisa, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti mudziyo haubvi, kudonha, kudonha kana kukuvara.Izvo zvinorambidzwa zvachose kusanganisa uye kutakura neoxidants, acids, makemikari ezvokudya, etc. Pakutakura, motokari yekutakura inofanira kunge yakashongedzerwa nemhando dzinoenderana uye huwandu hwemidziyo yekudzivirira moto uye kubuda kwemidziyo yekurapa kwekukurumidzira.

Chekupedzisira, Wit-Stone pano inovimbisa kuti ichakupa iwe zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye masevhisi akazara.Vashandi vedu vachange vari online maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva kuti vapindure mibvunzo yako.Kana iwe uchida kuziva chero chinhu, ndapota taura nesu!