Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda

2、 Kugadzirwa kwe detergent

Sodium hydroxide saponified mafuta inogona kushandiswa kugadzira sipo uye kuita nealkyl inonhuhwirira sulfonic acid kugadzira iyo inoshanda chikamu che detergent.Mukuwedzera, sodium hydroxide inogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira sodium phosphate sechikamu che detergent.

1)Sipo:

Kugadzira sipo ndiyo yekare uye yakanyanya kushandiswa kwecaustic soda.

Sodium hydroxide yakashandiswa kushandiswa kwechinyakare zuva nezuva.Kusvika nhasi, kudiwa kwecaustic soda yesipo, sipo uye mamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa zvekuwachisa zvichiri kuita 15% yecaustic soda.

Chinhu chikuru chemafuta nemafuta emiriwo triglyceride (triacylglycerol)

Yayo alkali hydrolysis equation ndeiyi:

(RCOO) 3C3H5 (girisi)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONA) (yakakwirira mafuta acid sodium)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)

Kuita uku ndiyo musimboti wekugadzira sipo, saka inonzi saponification reaction.

Ehe, iyo R base mune iyi maitiro inogona kunge yakasiyana, asi inogadzirwa R-COONA inogona kushandiswa sesipo.

Common R - ndeiyi:

C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH is oleic acid.

C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH is palmitic acid.

C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH is stearic acid.

2)Detergent:

Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswa kugadzira ma detergents akasiyana-siyana, uye kunyange yanhasi yekuwachisa hupfu (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate nezvimwe zvinoriumba) inogadzirwawo kubva muhombe yecaustic soda, iyo inoshandiswa kuderedza kuwanda kwefuming sulfuric acid mushure mekuita sulfonation reaction.

3、 Textile industry

1) Indasitiri yemachira inowanzoshandisa sodium hydroxide mhinduro kugadzira viscose fiber.Artificial fibers, senge rayon, rayon, uye rayon, kazhinji kacho maviscose fibers, ayo anogadzirwa kubva ku cellulose, sodium hydroxide, uye kabhoni disulfide (CS2) seyakagadzirwa kuita viscose solution, yobva yaruka nekukonyedzwa.

2) Sodium hydroxide inogona zvakare kushandiswa kurapa faibha uye dhayi, uye mercerizing donje faibha.Mushure mokunge jira rekotoni rinogadziriswa ne caustic soda solution, wakisi, girisi, starch uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakavhara jira rekotoni zvinogona kubviswa, uye ruvara rwe mercerizing rwemucheka runogona kuwedzerwa kuita kuti kudhaya kuve kwakafanana.

4. Kunyungudika

1) Shandisa sodium hydroxide kugadzira bauxite kubvisa alumina yakachena;

2) Shandisa sodium hydroxide kubvisa tungstate seyakagadzirwa tungsten kunyunguduka kubva kuwolframite;

3) Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswawo kugadzira zinc alloy uye zinc ingot;

4) Mushure mekugezwa ne sulfuric acid, zvigadzirwa zve petroleum zvichine zvimwe zvine acidic.Vanofanira kugezwa nesodium hydroxide solution vozogezwa nemvura kuti vawane zvigadzirwa zvakanatswa.

5, Mushonga

Sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa semushonga wekuuraya utachiona.Gadzirira 1% kana 2% caustic soda mvura mhinduro, inogona kushandiswa semushonga wekuuraya utachiona kuindasitiri yechikafu, uye inogona zvakare kuuraya hutachiona maturusi, michina, uye mashopu akasvibiswa netsvina yemafuta kana shuga yakadzika.

6, Kugadzira mapepa

Sodium hydroxide inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yemapepa.Nekuda kwechimiro chayo che alkaline, chinoshandiswa mukubikisa uye kubvuura bepa.

Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira mapepa ndeye huni kana uswa zvinomera, izvo zvine kwete chete cellulose, asiwo yakawanda yakawanda isiri cellulose (lignin, gum, nezvimwewo).Kuwedzera dilute sodium hydroxide solution inogona kunyungudutsa uye kupatsanura zvisiri-cellulose zvikamu, nekudaro kugadzira pulp ne cellulose sechinhu chikuru.

7, Zvokudya

Mukugadzirisa chikafu, sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa se acid neutralizer, uye inogona kushandiswawo kusvuura muchero lye.Iko kusanganiswa kwesodium hydroxide solution inoshandiswa pakusvuura inosiyana nemhando dzemichero.Semuenzaniso, 0.8% sodium hydroxide solution inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemaranjisi emumagaba ane full de-coated sugar syrup;Semuenzaniso, sodium hydroxide solution ine musanganiswa we13% ~16% inoshandiswa kugadzira shuga yemvura peach.

China's National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB2760-2014) inotaura kuti sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa seyamuro yekugadzirisa indasitiri yechikafu, uye inosara haina muganhu.

8, Kugadziriswa kwemvura

Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwemvura.Muzvidyarwa zvekuchenesa tsvina, sodium hydroxide inogona kuderedza kuoma kwemvura kuburikidza ne neutralization reaction.Mundima yeindasitiri, ndiyo inogadzirisazve ion exchange resin regeneration.Sodium hydroxide ine alkalinity yakasimba uye yakanyanya kunyungudika mumvura.Nekuti sodium hydroxide ine yakanyanya kunyungudika mumvura, zviri nyore kuyera dosi uye inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekurapa mvura.

Kushandiswa kwe sodium hydroxide mukurapa kwemvura kunosanganisira zvinotevera pfungwa:

1) Bvisa kuoma kwemvura;

2) Gadzirisa pH kukosha kwemvura;

3) Neutralize mvura yetsvina;

4) Bvisa heavy metal ions mumvura kuburikidza nekunaya;

5) Kuvandudzwa kweion exchange resin.

9, Kemikari kuedza.

Pamusoro pekushandiswa seajenti, inogona zvakare kushandiswa se alkaline desiccant nekuda kwekunyura kwayo kwemvura kwakasimba uye deliquescence.Inogona zvakare kunwa asidhi gasi (semuenzaniso, mukuyedza kupisa sarufa muokisijeni, sodium hydroxide solution inogona kuiswa mubhodhoro kuti itore muchetura sulfur dioxide).

Muchidimbu, sodium hydroxide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda, kusanganisira kugadzira makemikari, kugadzira mapepa, kunyungudutsa kwealuminium, tungsten kunyunguduka, rayon, kugadzira donje rekugadzira uye sipo, pamwe nekugadzira dhayi, mapurasitiki, mishonga uye organic intermediates. , kuvandudzwa kwerabha yekare, kugadzirwa kwesimbi ye sodium, electrolysis yemvura uye inorganic salt production, pamwe nekugadzirwa kweborax, chromate, manganenate, phosphate, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinoda huwandu hwakawanda hwe caustic soda, iyo sodium hydroxide.

10,Energy sector

Mumunda wesimba, sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mafuta masero.Semabhatiri, masero emafuta anogona kupa simba rakachena uye rinoshanda kune akawanda maapplication, anosanganisira ekufambisa, kubata zvinhu, uye akagadziriswa, anotakurika uye e emergency standby maapplication emagetsi.Epoxy resin yakagadzirwa nekuwedzera sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa kune mhepo turbines.